10/48 as a percentage is 20.83%. This is the decimal form of the fraction turned into a percent, rounded to two decimal places. It gives a quick way to understand how large the part is compared to a whole.
The fraction 10/48 can be reduced to 5/24, which still represents the same amount. Even though the numbers look smaller, the value doesn't change. Seeing it as a percent makes it easier to compare with other percentages you might encounter in everyday life.
In practice, you might use this percentage when looking at a small portion of a larger group, like 10 out of 48 students who chose a particular option. Saying 20.83% tells people instantly how big that share is without having to do the math themselves.